From the Paris Agreement, the Kyoto Protocol and the Convention, the climate actions determine whether the world achieves the long-term goals of the Paris Agreement and to reach global peaking of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as soon as possible and to undertake rapid reductions thereafter in accordance with best available science, so as to achieve a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of GHGs. At the same time, the climate actions align with the spirit of the Satoyama Initiative and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Biodiversity is fundamental to human well-being, a healthy planet, and economic prosperity for all people, including for living well in balance and in harmony with Mother Earth. The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework is a global agreement of the 15th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD COP15). The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework has four long-term goals for 2050 related to the 2050 Vision for biodiversity. The four long-term goals include GOAL A: Protect and Restore, GOAL B: Prosper with Nature, GOAL C: Share Benefits Fairly, and GOAL D: Invest and Collaborate. Most area consist mostly of multifunctional landscapes and seascapes, and their coastal waters consist mostly of multifunctional seascapes. These landscapes and seascapes may cross national and other boundaries. That’s too much for the operator to manage, so landscape approaches cannot be applied everywhere, immediately.

Actions of monitoring the Geographic Information System to reach these targets should be implemented consistently and in harmony with the Convention on Biological Diversity and its Protocols and other relevant international obligations, taking into account national circumstances, priorities, and socioeconomic conditions. Recognition of the efforts of local proponents of landscape approaches can encourage them to continue and to expand their efforts and can serve as a model for others by the model of carbon credit program. SEPLS carbon credit regional revitalization approaches are tools and solutions for implementation and mainstreaming. SEPLS carbon credit regional revitalization approaches in carbon credit programs not only reduce threats to biodiversity but also meet people’s needs through sustainable use and benefit-sharing by designing and shaping the implementation, corresponding to Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF).

By this way, Action 2023-2030 in the strategy and plan:

1. Knowledge Co-Production, Management, and Uptake: Conduct research and knowledge management related to landscape and seascape approaches to address direct and underlying causes responsible for the loss of biological and cultural diversity as well as ecological and socio-economic services in carbon credit from SEPLS.
2. Institutional Frameworks and Capacity Development: Strengthen institutional frameworks and develop capacity to integrate landscape and seascape approaches into policies and cross-sectoral strategies related to biodiversity, climate change, sustainable land and sea management, health, agri-food systems, and disaster risk reduction to maintain or enhance the benefits of SEPLS in carbon credit to the environment and society.
3. Area-Based Conservation Measures: Promote effective conservation and management through protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs), recognizing indigenous and traditional territories where applicable, and facilitate their integration in carbon credit into the wider landscape and seascape to contribute to the relevant targets of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.
4. Ecosystem Restoration: Promote the restoration of SEPLS by deriving carbon credit and contribute to the goals of the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration and relevant targets of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.
5. Sustainable Value Chain Development: Promote sustainable practices, market-based mechanisms, and value chains to support sustainable production, including customary sustainable use and economies in carbon credit that rely on traditional knowledge and cultural values and practices, from SEPLS to contribute to the achievement of relevant targets of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.

Biodiversity carbon reduction technologies offer several benefits for local communities, including:

1. Enhanced Ecosystem Services: These technologies help in restoring and maintaining ecosystems, which provide essential services such as clean water, air purification, and soil fertility. Healthy ecosystems contribute to better agricultural productivity and food security.
2. Climate Resilience: By promoting biodiversity, these technologies can enhance the resilience of local communities to climate change impacts. Diverse ecosystems are better able to withstand environmental stresses and recover from disturbances.
3. Economic Opportunities: Implementing carbon reduction technologies can create new job opportunities in areas such as sustainable agriculture, ecotourism, and conservation. Local communities can benefit from initiatives that promote sustainable practices and generate income.
4. Community Engagement and Empowerment: Involving local communities in biodiversity conservation and carbon reduction efforts fosters a sense of ownership and responsibility. This engagement can strengthen community ties and promote collaborative efforts for environmental stewardship.
5. Cultural and Social Benefits: Biodiversity is often linked to cultural identity and heritage. Protecting and enhancing local ecosystems can help preserve traditional knowledge, practices, and cultural landscapes, contributing to community well-being.
6. Improved Health Outcomes: Cleaner environments resulting from healthy ecosystems can lead to better public health outcomes. Reduced pollution and enhanced natural spaces promote physical and mental well-being.
7. Access to Funding and Resources: Participation in biodiversity carbon reduction initiatives can provide local communities with access to funding from governmental and non-governmental organizations focused on climate action and conservation.
8. Sustainable Resource Management: These technologies encourage the sustainable use of natural resources, reducing overexploitation and ensuring that resources are available for future generations.

Biodiversity carbon reduction technologies contribute to environmental sustainability and support local communities’ socio-economic development.

A foundational and scalable framework to quantify field-level carbon outcomes for farmland, which is based on the holistic carbon balance of the agroecosystem: Agroecosystem Carbon Outcomes = Environment (E) × Management (M) × Crop (C). (Ref: Earth-Science Reviews 243, 104462 (2023)) When the referred aspect considers the ecosystem, the quantification of field-level carbon outcomes can be sit on the holistic carbon balance of the ecosystem: Ecosystem Carbon Outcomes = Environment (E) × Management (M) × Chloroplastida (C). In terms of Management (M), incorporating GBF and the IPSI Strategy and IPSI Plan of Action into management actions will enable a more effective achievement of the GBF 2050 goals and the UNFCCC 2050 goals.

Different technological solutions for quantifying field-level carbon outcomes have many advantages and disadvantages (as shown in the following illustration).  An integration of a more viable path, including sampling, sensing, and modeling is a novel aspect for quantification of field-level carbon outcomes, called “System-of-Systems” solution. The integration of a more viable path is also excellent tool for quantification of field-level monitor for climate change issues on all targeted fields for SEPLS to strengthen sustainable value chain development.