Other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) can achieve positive biodiversity outcomes in a larger area than is covered by protected areas. But this requires OECMs to be better integrated into sustainable production systems in conjunction with protected areas. Good examples of productive social-ecological systems exist. Recognising potential OECMs requires recognising the cultures that make them possible.
Recommendations:
Fully recognise and support the role of culture in fostering interlinked human–nature relationships and nurturing biodiversity in production landscapes and seascapes.
Develop sustainable market mechanisms using landscape approaches that promote respect for local cultures and the rights of all stakeholders.
Apply good practices for empowering cultures to enhance long-term biodiversity outcomes.
Provide innovative incentives including capacity development to encourage local communities to manage their landscapes and seascapes for biodiversity conservation.